In the first half of XIX century Russian educational reforms imply changing the system of public education. As a part of the reform gymnasiums, county and parochial colleges were opened in several Russian cities as well as some rural specialized schools under different departments. In this study materials from archival sources and periodical press, memoirs of school principals and former students were analyzed to describe the establishment and development of specialized schools of the Ministry of State Property in the settlements of state peasants. These schools were the most numerous and they had the most accurate organization of learning and economic activity.